What is a Distributed Database?
A distributed database is a data storage system that spreads its data across multiple physical locations, which can be within the same building or across different geographical areas. This architecture is designed to improve performance, scalability, and fault tolerance.
Key Features
- Data Distribution: Data is distributed across several nodes, allowing for parallel processing and retrieval, which enhances system efficiency.
- Scalability: As the application grows, additional nodes can be added to handle overflow, thereby maintaining performance levels.
- Fault Tolerance: If one node fails, other nodes can still function, ensuring the system remains available and reliable.
- Location Transparency: Users and applications can access data without needing to know its physical location, simplifying data management.
Types of Distributed Databases
Distributed databases are typically categorized into:
- Homogeneous: All nodes run the same DBMS (Database Management System).
- Heterogeneous: Different DBMSs are utilized across nodes, allowing for greater flexibility.
Use Cases
Businesses employing distributed databases include financial institutions, e-commerce platforms, and large-scale web applications, where high availability and fast data access are crucial.