How does Git differ from SVN?
Git and SVN (Subversion) are both version control systems used for managing code changes, but they have fundamental differences in their architecture and usage.
1. Model of Version Control
Git is a distributed version control system, meaning each developer has a complete copy of the repository along with its history on their machine. This allows developers to work offline and commit changes locally. Conversely, SVN is a centralized version control system where developers check out a single shared repository. Users must be online to commit changes and interact with the repository.
2. Branching and Merging
In Git, branching is a core feature, enabling developers to easily create, merge, and delete branches. This lightweight branching allows for effective feature development and experimentation without affecting the main codebase. SVN supports branching but it's more cumbersome and less efficient, making it harder to manage large projects.
3. Performance
Due to its distributed nature, Git generally offers better performance, as most operations are performed locally without network latency. SVN, being centralized, can experience slowdowns for operations that require server interaction, especially in large repositories.
4. Storage
Git stores data as snapshots of the entire project at each commit, whereas SVN records changes as differences (deltas). This means Git repositories can be larger, but also provide better integrity and faster access to project history.
5. Workflow Flexibility
Git supports various workflows including Git Flow, feature branching, and forking, making it versatile for different development needs. SVN offers a more linear workflow, which may not suit all teams, especially those adopting Agile methodologies.