How Does Ransomware Work?
Ransomware is a type of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or data, typically by encrypting files until a ransom is paid. Here’s how it generally operates:
1. Infection
Ransomware usually infiltrates systems through phishing emails, malicious downloads, or vulnerabilities in software. Once the user unknowingly executes the malware, it begins its attack.
2. Encryption
Upon infiltration, the ransomware scans for specific file types (documents, images, databases) and then encrypts them using advanced encryption algorithms. The original files become unreadable.
3. Ransom Note
After encryption, a ransom note is displayed on the victim's screen, informing them of the attack and demanding payment (usually in cryptocurrencies) to restore access to their files.
4. Payment and Decryption
Victims are typically given a deadline to pay the ransom, with threats of permanent data loss if payment isn't made. However, paying the ransom does not guarantee that the files will be decrypted or that the attackers won’t target the victim again.
5. Mitigation and Prevention
To combat ransomware, organizations should invest in security measures such as regular backups, employee training, and robust antivirus solutions. Regular software updates and patch management can also mitigate vulnerabilities that ransomware exploits.