What is an SQL Injection?
SQL Injection is a type of cyber attack that targets web applications by exploiting security vulnerabilities in the application’s software. It occurs when an attacker inserts or "injects" malicious SQL code into a query through user input fields, such as login forms, search boxes, or URL parameters. When the application processes this input, it can lead to unauthorized access, data manipulation, or disclosure of sensitive information.
How Does SQL Injection Work?
Web applications often use SQL queries to communicate with databases. If the application does not properly validate or sanitize user inputs, attackers can craft input that is treated as part of an SQL command. For example, instead of a username, an attacker might input a SQL command that alters the query. This can allow them to bypass authentication or extract, modify, or delete data from the database.
Consequences of SQL Injection
Successful SQL injection attacks can lead to severe consequences, including identity theft, data breaches, and significant financial loss. Organizations may face legal ramifications, reputational damage, and operational disruptions resulting from compromised data or systems.
Prevention Measures
To protect against SQL injection, developers should employ parameterized queries, prepared statements, and input validation techniques. Regular security assessments and using web application firewalls can also help detect and mitigate SQL injection attacks, ensuring safer interaction with databases.