What are Emerging Infectious Diseases?
Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are newly identified or previously well-known infections that are increasing in incidence or geographic range. They pose significant threats to global health and often arise from complex interactions between humans, animals, and the environment.
Characteristics of Emerging Infectious Diseases
- Newly Identified: These diseases may be caused by previously unknown pathogens.
- Re-emerging: Some diseases that were once under control can re-emerge due to various factors such as antimicrobial resistance.
- Zoonotic Origins: Many EIDs originate from animal reservoirs, highlighting the importance of the human-animal-environment interface.
- Global Spread: Advances in travel and trade can facilitate the rapid spread of EIDs across borders.
Examples of Emerging Infectious Diseases
Examples include Zika virus, Ebola virus disease, and antibiotic-resistant infections, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These diseases not only impact individual health but can also strain public health systems and economies.
Public Health Implications
The control and prevention of emerging infectious diseases require robust public health infrastructure, international cooperation, and ongoing research to develop vaccines and treatments. Surveillance and early detection are crucial to managing outbreaks effectively.