How is Diabetes Diagnosed?
Diabetes screening is essential for early detection and management of the condition, especially for women who may be at higher risk. The following tests are commonly used to diagnose diabetes:
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Fasting Plasma Glucose Test (FPG):
This test measures blood sugar levels after an overnight fast. A reading of 126 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes.
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Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT):
After fasting, blood sugar levels are checked, followed by consuming a sugary drink. If the blood sugar is 200 mg/dL or higher two hours later, diabetes is diagnosed.
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A1C Test:
This test assesses average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. An A1C of 6.5% or higher suggests diabetes.
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Random Plasma Glucose Test:
A blood sample is taken at a random time. A reading of 200 mg/dL or higher indicates diabetes, regardless of the last meal.
It is recommended that women, particularly those with risk factors such as obesity, family history, or gestational diabetes, consult their healthcare provider for regular screening, usually starting at age 45 or earlier based on risk factors.