What is Small Fiber Neuropathy?
Small Fiber Neuropathy (SFN) is a disorder that affects the small nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system. These small fibers are responsible for transmitting pain and temperature sensations, as well as autonomic functions. SFN is characterized by a range of symptoms that can significantly impact a person's quality of life.
Symptoms
- Chronic pain, often described as burning or stabbing.
- Numbness or tingling in the extremities.
- Temperature sensitivity, such as feeling too hot or too cold.
- Autonomic dysfunction, leading to issues like sweating abnormalities or gastrointestinal problems.
Causes
SFN can be caused by various factors, including:
- Diabetes mellitus.
- Infections, such as Lyme disease or HIV.
- Autoimmune diseases like Sjögren's syndrome.
- Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in vitamin B12.
- Genetic mutations that affect nerve function.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing SFN typically involves a thorough medical history, neurological examination, and specific tests such as skin biopsy to evaluate nerve fiber density. Electrophysiological studies may also be conducted to assess nerve function.
Treatment
While there is no cure for SFN, treatment focuses on managing symptoms. This may include medications like anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and topical analgesics. Lifestyle modifications, physical therapy, and dietary changes can also be beneficial in improving overall well-being.