What is Acute Liver Failure?
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rapid decline in liver function, occurring within days or weeks, often in individuals with no prior liver disease. It is characterized by the onset of hepatic encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and jaundice due to the liver's inability to perform its essential functions.
Causes
- Viral Infections: Hepatitis A, B, and E viruses are common culprits.
- Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Overdose of acetaminophen or reactions to medications can lead to ALF.
- Toxins: Exposure to certain toxins and chemicals.
- Autoimmune Diseases: Conditions like autoimmune hepatitis can trigger ALF.
Symptoms
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Abdominal swelling
- Confusion or altered mental state
- Severe fatigue
Treatment
The management of ALF focuses on addressing the underlying cause, supportive care, and monitoring liver function. In severe cases, a liver transplant may be necessary to prevent life-threatening complications. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes.
Conclusion
Acute liver failure is a serious medical emergency that requires immediate hospitalization and management. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options can significantly impact patient survival and recovery.