What is Hepatocellular Carcinoma?
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver, primarily arising in the context of chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis. It is the most common type of liver cancer and poses a significant health challenge worldwide.
Causes
The most prevalent causes of HCC include chronic infection with hepatitis B or C viruses, excessive alcohol consumption, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Environmental factors such as aflatoxin exposure also play a critical role.
Symptoms
Early-stage HCC often presents few symptoms, making early diagnosis difficult. Patients may experience weight loss, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, and ascites as the disease progresses.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, alongside blood tests to measure alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. A biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Management and Treatment
Management strategies for HCC include surgical options like resection and liver transplantation, as well as ablation techniques. In cases where the cancer is advanced or not amenable to surgery, systemic therapies such as targeted therapies and immunotherapy may be utilized.
Conclusion
Early detection and intervention are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, emphasizing the importance of regular monitoring in at-risk populations.