What is Cholangiocarcinoma?
Cholangiocarcinoma, commonly known as bile duct cancer, is a rare and aggressive malignancy arising from the cells lining the bile ducts, which are responsible for transporting bile from the liver to the small intestine. It is classified into two main types: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, occurring within the liver, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, which occurs outside the liver. The exact cause of cholangiocarcinoma remains unclear; however, it is often associated with risk factors such as chronic liver disease, biliary tract infections, and certain congenital conditions.
Symptoms may include jaundice, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, and itching. Diagnosis typically involves imaging studies like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs, along with biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Due to its aggressive nature, early detection is crucial and often challenging.
Treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma depend on the stage of the disease and may include surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies. Multidisciplinary approaches involving hepatologists, oncologists, and surgical teams are essential for optimal management. Despite advancements in treatment, the prognosis remains poor, necessitating ongoing research to improve outcomes and explore novel therapeutic strategies.