What is Diabetic Retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy is a serious eye condition that affects individuals with diabetes. It occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive layer of tissue at the back of the eye. This condition is one of the leading causes of blindness among adults.

Causes

The primary cause of diabetic retinopathy is prolonged diabetes, whether type 1 or type 2. Other risk factors include hypertension, high cholesterol, and the duration of diabetes. Regular blood sugar control is crucial in preventing this condition.

Symptoms

Initially, diabetic retinopathy may not present any symptoms. As it progresses, individuals may experience blurred vision, difficulty seeing at night, and an increase in floaters or dark spots in their vision. In severe cases, it can lead to complete vision loss.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis typically involves a comprehensive eye exam, including a dilated eye exam and imaging tests. Treatment options vary, from monitoring in early stages to laser surgery and injections in more advanced stages. Regular eye examinations are essential for early detection and management.

Prevention

Managing blood sugar levels through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and medication can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. Regular check-ups with healthcare providers can also help in early identification and intervention.