How Does Emphysema Affect Breathing?
Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease that primarily affects the alveoli, the small air sacs in the lungs responsible for gas exchange. This condition is characterized by the destruction of the elastic fibers and walls of the alveoli, leading to their enlargement and decreased surface area. As a result, individuals with emphysema experience significant breathing difficulties.
One of the main ways emphysema affects breathing is by impairing the lungs' ability to hold air. When the alveoli become damaged, they lose their elasticity, making it difficult for the lungs to expel air fully. This causes air to become trapped in the lungs, leading to hyperinflation. Patients often find themselves in a state of breathlessness, particularly during physical activities, as their body struggles to intake enough oxygen.
Furthermore, the destruction of alveolar walls reduces the surface area available for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, which can lead to lower oxygen levels in the blood. This decreased oxygenation can result in fatigue and limit daily activities. Breathing also becomes labored, as the remaining, healthier lung tissue has to work harder to compensate for lost functionality.
In summary, emphysema severely compromises normal breathing patterns, resulting in increased effort to breathe and reduced oxygen availability, significantly impacting the quality of life for those affected.