What is Bronchiectasis?
Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the abnormal and permanent dilation of the bronchi, the large air passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs. This dilatation results from recurrent inflammation and infection, leading to damage of the airway walls. Individuals with bronchiectasis may experience frequent coughing, production of large amounts of sputum, and shortness of breath, which can severely affect their quality of life.
Causes
Various factors can contribute to the development of bronchiectasis. These may include:
- Chronic respiratory infections, such as pneumonia or tuberculosis
- Immune system deficiencies
- Genetic conditions, such as cystic fibrosis
- Exposure to toxins and pollutants
Symptoms
Common symptoms of bronchiectasis include:
- Persistent cough
- Excessive sputum production
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
- Recurrent respiratory infections
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as a CT scan and pulmonary function tests. Treatment focuses on controlling infection and inflammation, improving lung function, and managing symptoms. This may include antibiotics, bronchodilators, and airway clearance techniques.