What is an Ischemic Stroke?
An ischemic stroke occurs when a blood vessel supplying blood to the brain is obstructed. This blockage can be caused by a blood clot or a buildup of fatty deposits in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis. Ischemic strokes account for approximately 87% of all stroke cases and typically manifest suddenly, resulting in immediate neurological deficits depending on the affected area of the brain.
Types of Ischemic Stroke
There are mainly two types of ischemic strokes:
- Thrombotic Stroke: This occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the arteries supplying blood to the brain, often due to atherosclerosis.
- Embolic Stroke: This occurs when a clot or debris forms away from the brain — commonly in the heart — and travels through the bloodstream to lodge in narrower brain arteries.
Risk Factors
Ischemic strokes are associated with various risk factors, including high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and high cholesterol levels. Some factors, such as age and genetics, are non-modifiable.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg — particularly on one side of the body, confusion, difficulty speaking, vision problems, and loss of balance.
Conclusion
Recognizing the signs of an ischemic stroke is crucial for timely medical intervention, which can significantly impact recovery and reduce long-term disabilities.