How is Hypertension Diagnosed?
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often referred to as a "silent killer" due to its lack of noticeable symptoms. Diagnosing hypertension typically involves a few key steps:
1. Blood Pressure Measurement
The primary method for diagnosing hypertension is through regular blood pressure measurements. A healthcare provider uses a sphygmomanometer to check blood pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Blood pressure is recorded with two numbers: systolic (the pressure when the heart beats) over diastolic (the pressure when the heart rests). A reading of 130/80 mm Hg or higher is generally considered hypertension.
2. Multiple Readings
To confirm a diagnosis, the healthcare provider will often take multiple readings. It’s common to take blood pressure on two or more occasions, usually over a few weeks, to establish consistent high blood pressure levels.
3. Medical History and Physical Exam
The doctor will review the patient’s medical history and may perform a physical examination, looking for signs of complications or other health issues associated with hypertension.
4. Additional Tests
In some cases, additional tests may be required to determine the cause of hypertension or assess its impact on the heart and kidneys. These tests may include blood tests, urine tests, an electrocardiogram (ECG), or echocardiogram.
5. Monitoring
If diagnosed, the patient might be advised to monitor their blood pressure at home. Home monitoring helps track blood pressure levels over time, ensuring effective management and treatment.
For best results, individuals should consult with healthcare professionals for regular evaluations and personalized recommendations.