What Causes Congenital Heart Defects?
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural problems with the heart that are present at birth. They can vary in severity and complexity. Understanding their causes is crucial for prevention and treatment.
Genetic Factors
Genetic abnormalities play a significant role in the development of CHDs. Conditions such as Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, and other chromosomal disorders increase the likelihood of heart defects. Certain gene mutations can also directly affect heart development.
Environmental Influences
Environmental factors during pregnancy can contribute to CHDs. Maternal exposure to harmful substances, such as alcohol, drugs, and certain medications, has been linked to the development of congenital defects. Infections such as rubella during pregnancy can also lead to heart issues.
Other Risk Factors
Other risk factors include maternal diabetes, obesity, and advanced maternal age. These factors can disrupt normal heart development in the fetus. Additionally, family history and certain lifestyle choices may increase the risk of CHDs.
Conclusion
While the exact cause of many congenital heart defects remains unknown, a combination of genetic and environmental factors is believed to contribute. Identifying these risk factors can help expectant parents take preventive measures.