What is Restrictive Cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a type of heart disease that affects the walls of the heart, making them stiff and less capable of stretching. Unlike other forms of cardiomyopathy, RCM does not typically cause the heart muscles to thicken, but rather leads to a reduced ability of the ventricles to fill with blood during the diastolic phase.
Causes
RCM can result from various underlying conditions, including:
- Infiltrative diseases such as amyloidosis
- Fibrosis or scarring of the heart tissue
- Radiation therapy
- Certain genetic disorders
Symptoms
Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy may exhibit symptoms such as:
- Shortness of breath, especially during exertion
- Fatigue
- Swelling in the legs and ankles
- Arrhythmias
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis often involves echocardiography, MRI, or biopsy. Treatment options may include medications to manage symptoms and conditions contributing to RCM. In advanced cases, heart transplantation might be considered.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with restrictive cardiomyopathy varies based on the underlying cause and the patient's response to treatment. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes.