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How is Rheumatoid Arthritis Diagnosed?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in the joints. Diagnosis is often challenging and involves a combination of methods:

1. Medical History

Doctors begin by taking a detailed medical history. This includes asking about symptoms, their duration, and any family history of autoimmune or rheumatic diseases.

2. Physical Examination

A thorough physical examination is conducted to assess joint swelling, tenderness, and range of motion. This helps determine the extent of joint involvement.

3. Laboratory Tests

Several blood tests help in diagnosing RA:

  • Rheumatoid Factor (RF): Presence of RF antibodies is common in RA patients.
  • Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPA): These antibodies are specific to RA and can indicate disease even before symptoms appear.
  • C-reactive protein (CRP) and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR): Elevated levels indicate inflammation in the body.

4. Imaging Tests

X-rays, ultrasounds, or MRIs may be used to assess the extent of joint damage and inflammation, providing a visual representation to aid diagnosis.

5. Differential Diagnosis

Rheumatologists often perform differential diagnoses to rule out other conditions with similar symptoms, ensuring an accurate diagnosis of RA.

Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing rheumatoid arthritis effectively, preventing joint damage and improving quality of life.

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