Can Children Get Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is primarily recognized as a chronic autoimmune disease affecting adults. However, it can also occur in children, a condition known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). While the exact cause of JIA is not fully understood, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors that trigger the immune system to attack the joints.
Types of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
There are several subtypes of JIA, including:
- Oligoarticular JIA: Affects four or fewer joints and is the most common form.
- Polyarticular JIA: Involves five or more joints; it can be symmetrical.
- Systemic JIA: Includes systemic symptoms like fever and rash, in addition to joint inflammation.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of RA in children include joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion. These symptoms can lead to complications if left untreated, including growth problems and joint damage.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a combination of physical examinations, imaging tests, and laboratory tests to rule out other conditions. Treatment options may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and, in severe cases, biological therapies.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in managing symptoms and improving the quality of life for children with JIA. Parents should seek medical advice if they notice any signs of joint pain or swelling in their children.