What is Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis?
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) is a form of multiple sclerosis (MS) characterized by a gradual progression of disability over time, typically following an initial relapsing-remitting phase. MS is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to the deterioration or permanent damage to myelin, the protective sheath surrounding nerve fibers.
In the initial relapsing-remitting phase, patients experience periods of symptom flare-ups, known as relapses, followed by periods of partial or complete recovery. However, over time, many individuals transition into the secondary progressive phase. This shift often occurs approximately 10 to 20 years after the onset of MS symptoms.
During the SPMS phase, patients may experience a steady worsening of symptoms without the clear relapses seen in the earlier phase. Symptoms can include fatigue, mobility issues, cognitive changes, and muscle weakness. The exact cause of this progression remains unclear, but it is believed to involve ongoing damage to nerve cells and the brain.
Management of SPMS focuses on slowing down the progression of the disease and alleviating symptoms. Treatments may include disease-modifying therapies, symptom management strategies, and lifestyle changes. Early intervention and regular follow-up with healthcare providers play a critical role in optimizing patient outcomes.