What is Celiac Disease?
Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder that affects the small intestine. It occurs in genetically predisposed individuals when gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye, is ingested. This ingestion triggers an immune response that damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption of nutrients.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of celiac disease include abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue. However, symptoms can vary widely and may also include skin rashes, anemia, and neurological issues. Some people may be asymptomatic, making the disease difficult to diagnose.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect specific antibodies and an intestinal biopsy to assess damage to the villi, small finger-like projections in the intestine. Genetic testing can also help determine predisposition to the disease.
Management
The primary treatment for celiac disease is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet, which helps to heal the intestinal lining and alleviate symptoms. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are essential to monitor the condition and ensure proper nutrient absorption.
Conclusion
Understanding celiac disease is crucial for those affected, as early diagnosis and adherence to a gluten-free diet can significantly improve health outcomes and quality of life.