What is Functional Harmony?
Functional harmony is a system of music theory that focuses on the relationship between chords and their roles within a given key. This concept is foundational in Western music, especially from the Baroque period through the Common Practice period, which includes Classical and Romantic music.
Key Concepts
- Tonic: The home chord or tonal center, often represented by the I chord.
- Dominant: The chord that leads back to the tonic, usually the V chord, creating tension that resolves to the tonic.
- Subdominant: The IV chord, which also has a role in preparing the dominant and creating a sense of movement.
Chord Functions
In functional harmony, chords are categorized based on their functions:
- Tonic Function: Stabilizes the music and gives a sense of rest.
- Dominant Function: Builds tension, seeking resolution to the tonic.
- Subdominant Function: Provides contrast and prepares for movement back to the tonic.
Importance in Composition
Understanding functional harmony allows composers to create music that has a coherent structure and emotional impact. It enables musicians to use chord progressions effectively, enhancing the narrative quality of the piece.