What Causes Dyslexia?
Dyslexia is primarily believed to stem from genetic and neurobiological factors. Research indicates that dyslexia often runs in families, suggesting a hereditary component. Specific genes responsible for language processing have been identified, contributing to the likelihood of developing dyslexia.
Neurologically, dyslexia is associated with differences in the structure and function of certain brain regions responsible for reading skills. Brain imaging studies have shown that individuals with dyslexia may have altered activity in areas like the left hemisphere, particularly in the temporo-parietal region, which plays a crucial role in decoding written language.
Moreover, environmental factors can also influence the development of dyslexia. Limited exposure to language-rich environments, inadequate early literacy instruction, and social factors, such as socioeconomic status, can exacerbate reading difficulties. Stressors in a child’s home or school life may further impact their ability to learn to read effectively.
It is important to recognize that dyslexia is not a reflection of a person’s intelligence. Individuals with dyslexia may have average or above-average intelligence, and their struggles with reading are related to specific cognitive processing differences, underscoring the need for specialized educational approaches to support their learning.