What is the Structure of DNA?
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life. Its structure is often described as a double helix, resembling a twisted ladder. The two strands of this helix are made up of long sequences of nucleotides.
Components of DNA
- 1. Nucleotides: The basic building blocks of DNA
- 2. Sugar: Each nucleotide contains a deoxyribose sugar
- 3. Phosphate Group: Each nucleotide is connected to a phosphate group
- 4. Nitrogenous Bases: The four types are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G)
Base Pairing
The two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases. Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) and Cytosine pairs with Guanine (C-G).
Antiparallel Strands
The strands run in opposite directions, referred to as antiparallel orientation. This is crucial for replication and transcription processes.
Importance of DNA Structure
The unique double helix structure of DNA allows it to store, replicate, and transmit genetic information efficiently, forming the basis of heredity in living organisms.