What Happens During Ovulation?
Ovulation is a crucial phase within the menstrual cycle, characterized by the release of an egg from the ovary. Here's a structured breakdown of the process:
- Follicular Phase: The cycle begins with the follicular phase, where the pituitary gland releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This hormone stimulates the growth of ovarian follicles.
- Estrogen Surge: As the follicles mature, they produce estrogen. Rising estrogen levels signal the body to prepare for possible pregnancy and trigger the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge.
- LH Surge: The peak in LH levels causes the dominant follicle to release an egg, marking the official start of ovulation. This typically occurs around day 14 of a 28-day cycle.
- Egg Release: The mature egg is released into the fallopian tube, where it may remain for about 24 hours, awaiting fertilization by sperm.
- Post-Ovulation: The remnants of the ruptured follicle transform into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone to help maintain the uterine lining for potential implantation.
- Menstruation or Pregnancy: If fertilization occurs, the egg will implant, and pregnancy begins. If not, the corpus luteum disintegrates, hormone levels drop, and menstruation occurs, restarting the cycle.
Understanding ovulation is vital for reproductive health, as it plays a key role in fertility, cycle tracking, and overall women's health.