What is Hyperemesis Gravidarum?
Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is a severe form of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy that affects about 0.5% to 2% of pregnant women. Unlike typical morning sickness, HG can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and significant weight loss. The exact cause of HG remains unclear, but it is believed to be linked to hormonal shifts, nutritional deficiencies, and possibly genetic factors.
Symptoms of hyperemesis gravidarum usually begin in the first trimester and may persist throughout the pregnancy. Women may experience persistent vomiting, inability to keep food or liquids down, and severe abdominal pain. Diagnosis is usually clinical, and healthcare professionals may conduct blood tests and ultrasounds to rule out other conditions.
Treatment for HG often starts with lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and hydration. In more severe cases, hospitalization may be required for intravenous (IV) fluids and medications to control symptoms. The aim is to manage the condition effectively while ensuring the health of both the mother and the fetus.
Women experiencing extreme nausea or vomiting during pregnancy should seek medical attention, as early intervention can significantly improve outcomes.