What is Graves' Disease?
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that leads to the overproduction of thyroid hormones, a condition known as hyperthyroidism. It primarily affects women and is often diagnosed in adults aged 30-50. The disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to swell and produce excessive hormones.
Common symptoms of Graves' disease include anxiety, weight loss, increased appetite, heat sensitivity, and tremors. Patients may also experience fatigue, muscle weakness, and changes in menstrual patterns. One of the characteristic features is a bulging of the eyes, known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, which can cause discomfort and vision problems.
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests that measure thyroid hormone levels and the presence of antibodies that indicate an autoimmune response. Treatment options range from anti-thyroid medications that inhibit hormone production to radioactive iodine therapy, which destroys overactive thyroid cells. In some cases, surgery may be recommended to remove part of the thyroid gland.
Managing Graves' disease is crucial to prevent complications associated with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, such as heart problems and severe osteoporosis. Regular monitoring and a collaborative approach with healthcare providers can help patients maintain hormonal balance and overall health.