What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes is a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels that develop during pregnancy. It typically occurs around the 24th to 28th week of gestation when the body cannot produce enough insulin to regulate blood sugar effectively, leading to elevated glucose levels. Although it usually resolves after childbirth, gestational diabetes can pose risks to both mother and baby.
Causes
Gestational diabetes results from hormonal changes in pregnancy. The placenta produces hormones that can make it harder for insulin to work effectively, causing insulin resistance. Factors contributing to this condition include obesity, a family history of diabetes, and advanced maternal age.
Symptoms
Many women with gestational diabetes experience few or no symptoms. Some may notice increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Regular screening during prenatal visits is essential for early detection.
Diagnosis and Management
Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through glucose tolerance tests, which measure blood sugar levels after fasting and after consuming a sugary drink. Management typically involves lifestyle changes, such as a balanced diet and regular exercise. In some cases, insulin therapy may be necessary.
Potential Risks
If left untreated, gestational diabetes can lead to complications, including high birth weight, preterm delivery, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life for both mother and child. Regular prenatal care and monitoring are vital for ensuring a healthy pregnancy.