What is Childhood Diabetes?
Childhood diabetes refers to diabetes mellitus occurring in children and adolescents. The two main types are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the pancreas produces little or no insulin. This type often manifests suddenly and requires lifelong management, including daily insulin administration.
Type 2 diabetes, once primarily seen in adults, is increasingly diagnosed in children due to rising obesity rates and sedentary lifestyles. It is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Lifestyle changes, including a balanced diet and regular physical activity, are essential for managing Type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Common symptoms of childhood diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, hunger pangs, fatigue, and irritability. If not diagnosed and treated early, childhood diabetes can lead to severe health complications.
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure glucose levels, including fasting blood glucose and A1C tests. A health care provider will evaluate symptoms and medical history to determine the type of diabetes and appropriate treatment plans.
Management and Care
Effective management of childhood diabetes involves a comprehensive approach, including monitoring blood sugar levels, adhering to prescribed medications, maintaining a balanced diet, and engaging in regular physical activity. Education for both children and caregivers is crucial for successful long-term management and to prevent complications.