What is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland, commonly occurs in older men. It can lead to various urinary symptoms because the enlarged prostate can press against the urethra, causing difficulty in urination. Signs and symptoms may include frequent urination, especially at night, a weak urine stream, trouble starting or stopping urination, and a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying.
Causes
The exact cause of BPH isn't entirely clear, but it's believed to be linked to hormonal changes as men age. An increase in dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone, may lead to the growth of prostate cells. Other risk factors include family history, obesity, lack of physical activity, and certain medical conditions like diabetes and heart disease.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam (DRE), and may include a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test, urine tests, or ultrasound imaging to assess the prostate's size and identify any blockage.
Treatment Options
Treatment options can range from lifestyle changes and medication to surgical procedures, depending on the severity of the symptoms. Common medications include alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors, while surgical options may include transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or laser surgery for more severe cases.