How is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?
Prostate cancer diagnosis involves several steps to accurately determine the presence and extent of the disease. The process typically begins with risk assessment and symptom evaluation.
1. Initial Consultation
During the first visit, a healthcare provider will review medical history and perform a physical examination, including a digital rectal exam (DRE) to check for abnormalities in the prostate.
2. PSA Testing
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) testing is a common blood test used to screen for prostate cancer. Elevated levels of PSA may indicate prostate cancer or other prostate conditions.
3. Biopsy
If PSA levels are high or DRE results are abnormal, a biopsy may be recommended. This procedure involves taking small tissue samples from the prostate to be examined for cancer cells under a microscope.
4. Imaging Tests
Imaging tests, such as MRI or CT scans, may be ordered to assess the extent of the disease and determine if it has spread beyond the prostate.
5. Genetic Testing
In some cases, genetic testing may be suggested to identify specific mutations that could influence treatment options and prognosis.
Early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment, so regular screenings and consultations with healthcare providers are essential for men, especially those over 50 or with a family history of prostate cancer.