How Hypertension Affects Heart Health
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a chronic condition that significantly impacts heart health. When blood pressure remains elevated over time, it forces the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. This increased workload can lead to several serious heart-related issues.
1. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
One of the primary effects of chronic hypertension is left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). This condition occurs when the muscle wall of the heart's left ventricle thickens in response to increased pressure. LVH can impair the heart's ability to pump efficiently and increases the risk of heart failure.
2. Heart Attack
High blood pressure contributes to the development of atherosclerosis, where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to plaque buildup. This reduces blood flow and raises the risk of a heart attack. Hypertension is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease.
3. Heart Failure
Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can lead to heart failure, where the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Symptoms include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swollen legs. Heart failure significantly impacts quality of life and requires ongoing management.
4. Arrhythmias
Hypertension may also increase the risk of arrhythmias, which are irregular heartbeats. This can lead to palpitations, dizziness, or even more severe complications such as strokes.
To mitigate these risks, regular monitoring of blood pressure, a healthy lifestyle, and medication adherence are crucial for maintaining heart health, especially in men who may be at higher risk for hypertension.