What is Ischemic Heart Disease?
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease, is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. This reduced blood supply leads to a deficiency of oxygen and nutrients that are crucial for the heart to function effectively.
Causes
The most common cause of IHD is atherosclerosis, which involves the buildup of fatty deposits and plaques in the coronary arteries. Other contributing factors include high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, smoking, diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition.
Symptoms
Symptoms of ischemic heart disease can vary. Common signs include chest pain or discomfort known as angina, shortness of breath, fatigue, and heart palpitations. In some cases, especially in men, IHD may lead to heart attacks, which can be life-threatening.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves a physical exam, blood tests, electrocardiograms (ECGs), and imaging tests like stress tests or coronary angiography. Treatment strategies may include lifestyle changes, medications (such as blood thinners, cholesterol-lowering drugs), and in severe cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
Prevention
Preventing ischemic heart disease involves adopting a heart-healthy lifestyle, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding tobacco products. Regular check-ups can also help in early detection and management of risk factors.