What is Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of diseases that affect the heart muscle, leading to a decline in its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can result from various factors, including genetic mutations, long-term high blood pressure, and chronic alcohol consumption. There are several types of cardiomyopathy, including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, each affecting the heart in different ways.
In dilated cardiomyopathy, the heart's chambers enlarge and weaken, reducing the strength of contractions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy involves thickening of the heart muscle, often leading to obstructed blood flow. Restrictive cardiomyopathy results in the heart becoming rigid, preventing it from filling properly with blood. Symptoms may include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs or ankles.
Diagnosis often involves imaging tests like echocardiography, MRI, or CT scans, alongside blood tests and electrocardiograms (ECGs). Treatment varies based on the type and severity of the condition but may include lifestyle changes, medications, implantable devices, or even heart transplant in severe cases.
Men are more likely than women to develop certain types of cardiomyopathy, particularly those linked to genetic factors. Regular check-ups, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and being aware of family history can help in early detection and management.