What is Parkinson's Disease?
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement control. It occurs when the neurons in the brain that produce dopamine—a neurotransmitter responsible for coordinating muscle movement—gradually degenerate or die. As dopamine levels decrease, individuals experience symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability.
Common early signs of Parkinson's include slight tremors in the hands, difficulty initiating movement, and changes in facial expressions. As the disease advances, it can lead to significant challenges in performing daily activities, such as walking, writing, and even speaking. In addition to motor symptoms, PD may also lead to non-motor symptoms, including sleep disturbances, cognitive impairment, and emotional changes.
The exact cause of Parkinson's disease remains unclear, although genetic and environmental factors may play a role. While there is currently no cure, various treatment options are available to manage symptoms effectively. Medications, such as levodopa, can help enhance dopamine levels, while physical therapy can improve mobility and quality of life.
Ongoing research aims to enhance understanding of Parkinson's disease, exploring potential therapies and interventions that could slow its progression or alleviate symptoms.