What is Chronic Bronchitis?
Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the lungs. It is characterized by persistent cough that produces mucus (sputum) for at least three months in two consecutive years. The condition is one of the components of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Causes
The primary cause of chronic bronchitis is long-term exposure to irritants that damage the lungs and airways. Common irritants include:
- Smoking tobacco
- Air pollution
- Dust and chemical fumes
- Frequent respiratory infections
Symptoms
Key symptoms of chronic bronchitis include:
- Chronic cough with mucus production
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- Fatigue
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, medical history, and tests like chest X-rays or spirometry. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life. Common treatments include:
- Smoking cessation
- Medications (bronchodilators, steroids)
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
Prevention
Preventive measures include quitting smoking, avoiding air pollutants, and receiving vaccinations to prevent respiratory infections.