What is Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis?
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic autoimmune condition that occurs in children and is characterized by inflammation of the joints. It is the most common form of arthritis in the pediatric population and typically affects individuals under the age of 16. The exact cause of JIA is unknown, but it involves an abnormal immune response that mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissues.
Types of JIA
There are several subtypes of JIA, including:
- Oligoarticular JIA: Affects four or fewer joints and is the most common form.
- Polyarticular JIA: Involves five or more joints and can be symmetrical.
- Systemic JIA: Involves joint inflammation plus systemic symptoms like fever and rash.
Symptoms
Common symptoms include persistent joint swelling, pain, stiffness, and reduced range of motion. Fatigue and fever may also be present, especially in systemic JIA.
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, medical history, and imaging tests. Treatment aims to control symptoms and prevent joint damage, often using medications such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
Conclusion
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis effectively, ensuring a better quality of life for affected children.