What is Hypertension?
Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure levels in the arteries. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is given as two values: systolic (the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats) over diastolic (the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats). A normal blood pressure reading is usually around 120/80 mmHg, while hypertension is typically diagnosed at readings of 130/80 mmHg or higher.
Types of Hypertension
- Primary Hypertension: Also known as essential hypertension, this type has no identifiable cause and develops gradually over many years.
- Secondary Hypertension: This type is caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease or hormonal disorders, and can appear suddenly.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors contribute to hypertension, including age, genetics, obesity, lack of physical activity, high salt intake, excessive alcohol consumption, and chronic stress. It is often referred to as a "silent killer" because it may not present noticeable symptoms, making regular check-ups essential.
Health Implications
Untreated hypertension can lead to serious health complications such as heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and other cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, regular monitoring and appropriate lifestyle changes or medications are crucial for managing blood pressure effectively.