What are Congenital Heart Defects?
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are structural abnormalities of the heart present at birth. They occur when the heart or blood vessels do not develop normally during fetal growth, leading to various complications affecting blood flow and oxygen distribution in the body.
Types of Congenital Heart Defects
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD): A hole in the wall between the heart's upper chambers (atria).
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD): A hole in the wall separating the heart's lower chambers (ventricles).
- Coarctation of the Aorta: A narrowing of the aorta that can affect blood flow.
- Pulmonary Stenosis: Narrowing of the area around the pulmonary valve, obstructing blood flow to the lungs.
- Aortic Stenosis: Narrowing of the aortic valve, affecting blood flow from the heart to the body.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms may vary based on the severity of the defect but can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and cyanosis (bluish skin). Diagnosis typically involves physical examinations, echocardiograms, and other imaging techniques.
Treatment Options
Treatment can range from medication to surgical interventions, depending on the specific condition and its severity. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes and enhancing quality of life for individuals with CHDs.