What is Sjögren's Syndrome?
Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the body's immune system attacking its own moisture-producing glands. This leads to widespread dryness, particularly affecting the eyes and mouth. The syndrome can be classified as primary, occurring independently, or secondary, accompanying other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
Common symptoms include dry eyes (xerophthalmia), dry mouth (xerostomia), fatigue, and joint pain. Patients may also experience swelling and inflammation of salivary glands, as well as possible complications affecting other organs, including the kidneys, liver, and lungs.
The exact cause of Sjögren's syndrome is not fully understood; however, genetics, environmental factors, and hormonal changes are believed to play a role. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of patient history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests, such as blood tests to detect specific antibodies.
While there is currently no cure for Sjögren's syndrome, treatment focuses on alleviating symptoms and improving quality of life. This may include the use of artificial tears, saliva substitutes, and medications to reduce pain and inflammation. Regular follow-ups with healthcare providers are essential for managing this chronic condition effectively.