What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord. In MS, the immune system mistakenly attacks the protective myelin sheath that encases nerve fibers, leading to inflammation and scar tissue (sclerosis). This damage disrupts the transmission of electrical signals between the brain and the body, resulting in a wide range of neurological symptoms.
Symptoms
The symptoms of MS vary widely among individuals and may include:
- Fatigue
- Numbness or tingling in limbs
- Muscle weakness
- Vision problems, such as blurred or double vision
- Difficulties with coordination and balance
Types of MS
There are several types of MS, including:
- Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS)
- Secondary Progressive MS (SPMS)
- Primary Progressive MS (PPMS)
- Progressive-Relapsing MS (PRMS)
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosing MS involves neurological examinations, MRI scans, and lumbar punctures. While there is no cure, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing progression, and improving quality of life through medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle modifications.