What is Gout?
Gout is a common form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden and severe episodes of pain, redness, and tenderness in the joints. It primarily affects the big toe but can also impact other joints, such as the knees, ankles, and fingers. Gout occurs due to the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, resulting from high levels of uric acid in the blood, a condition known as hyperuricemia.
Causes
Factors contributing to elevated uric acid levels include dietary choices, obesity, certain medications, and genetic predisposition. Foods high in purines, such as red meat, shellfish, and sugary beverages, can exacerbate the condition. Additionally, alcohol consumption may increase uric acid production during metabolism.
Symptoms
Gout attacks typically manifest suddenly, often at night, with intense pain and swelling. The affected joint may feel warm to the touch, and the skin around it may appear shiny. Attacks can resolve within a few days to weeks but may reoccur if left untreated.
Treatment and Management
Managing gout often involves lifestyle changes, such as dietary adjustments, regular exercise, and weight management. Medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and corticosteroids, are prescribed to alleviate pain during flare-ups. Long-term management might necessitate urate-lowering therapies to prevent future attacks.